Stiffness
How much a part resists bending. Relative resistance to elastic deformation; distinct from impact toughness.
- PETG
- 5–7
- PLA+ / Toughened PLA
- 6–8
Learn which materials suit your project, understand the tradeoffs, and check what your printer needs.
Highlighted property labels are relevant to this use case. A larger shape does not mean a better choice for every part.
How much a part resists bending. Relative resistance to elastic deformation; distinct from impact toughness.
How well a part absorbs knocks. Relative impact and energy-absorption behavior; not measured fracture toughness.
Ease of printing with an appropriate setup. Relative ease of printing with appropriate hardware and moisture control.
How well the surface resists dents. Relative resistance to surface indentation, not a Shore A/D conversion.
Relative weight for comparable volume. Relative low mass at comparable effective volume; not a finished structural weight prediction.
Resistance to rubbing and sliding. Relative wear behavior; mating surface, lubrication and loading matter.
Relative heat behavior of the printed part. Relative heat behavior, not a service temperature or nozzle setting.
How the material behaves outdoors. Relative outdoor/environmental behavior, not a guaranteed service life.
Relative editorial intervals, not lab measurements. The radar uses interval midpoints; shaded ranges are reference bounds. Missing values remain unknown. Sources & method
| Property | PETG Standard / BasicPETG reference | PLA+ / PlusPLA+ / Toughened PLA reference |
|---|---|---|
| Hardness | 6–7 | 6–8 |
| Stiffness | 5–7 | 6–8 |
| Toughness | 6–8 | 4–7 |
| Lightness | 5–6 | 5–6 |
| Wear | 5–7 | 3–5 |
| Heat | 4–5 | 2–4 |
| Weather | 5–7 | 3–4 |
| Printability | 8–9 | 8–9 |
Hardness: Relative resistance to surface indentation, not a Shore A/D conversion.
Stiffness: Relative resistance to elastic deformation; distinct from impact toughness.
Toughness: Relative impact and energy-absorption behavior; not measured fracture toughness.
Lightness: Relative low mass at comparable effective volume; not a finished structural weight prediction.
Wear: Relative wear behavior; mating surface, lubrication and loading matter.
Heat: Relative heat behavior, not a service temperature or nozzle setting.
Weather: Relative outdoor/environmental behavior, not a guaranteed service life.
Printability: Relative ease of printing with appropriate hardware and moisture control.
Suffixes may share a family reference. Independent variant performance needs exact-grade data or a matching sample.
Example capabilities are shown initially. Enter your printer’s supported limits to check candidates; overlapping ranges still need an exact-grade profile.
Before you choose: Layer direction, installation load and sustained-load tests.
| Material | Why consider it | Main limitation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| PETG Standard / BasicCheck printer requirements | A versatile functional material with useful toughness and layer adhesion. | Stringing, weak bridges, strong bed bonding and sustained-load creep need attention. | View notes |
| PLA+ / PlusCheck printer requirements | Modified PLA commonly targets better toughness and handling. | Plus is not a standardized formulation or a guarantee of higher heat resistance. | View notes |
| PLA Tough / ProCheck printer requirements | A toughened formulation aimed at reusable prototypes. | Tough and Pro do not define a consistent ranking across brands. | View notes |
| PETG MatteCheck printer requirements | A matte appearance combined with a PETG material direction. | Matte is no strength guarantee; outdoor and color stability depend on grade. | View notes |
Variants sharing a family reference are not separate measured results. Filament and resin processes have different requirements.
Search families and variants. Open a row for the full notes and sources.
Scroll horizontally to see all table columns.
| Material | Typical uses | Main limitation | Printability / 10 | Equipment | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLA Basic / StandardPLA · FilamentMAT-001 | Learning, indoor models, dimensional prototypes. | Limited heat and impact resistance. Static strength does not establish sustained load capacity. | 9–10PLA reference | Candidate | |
| PLA PurePLA · FilamentMAT-002 | Projects prioritizing formulation information. | The name alone establishes neither food-contact approval nor low printing emissions. | 9–10PLA reference | Candidate | |
| PLA Lite / EconomyPLA · FilamentMAT-003 | Practice prints, organizers, low-load models. | Lite does not establish lower density or a lower current price. | 9–10PLA reference | Candidate | |
| PLA MattePLA · FilamentMAT-004 | Figurines, architectural models, interior decoration. | Layer lines remain; impact and layer bonding depend on the formulation. | 9–10PLA reference | Candidate | |
| PLA+ / PlusPLA · FilamentMAT-005 | Everyday housings, low-load functional prototypes. | Plus is not a standardized formulation or a guarantee of higher heat resistance. | 8–9PLA+ / Toughened PLA reference | Candidate | |
| PLA Tough / ProPLA · FilamentMAT-006 | Snap-fits, removable covers, assembly prototypes. | Tough and Pro do not define a consistent ranking across brands. | 8–9PLA+ / Toughened PLA reference | Candidate | |
| PLA-STPLA · FilamentMAT-007 | Drop-resistant prototype candidates. | Large impact claims require a specific grade, units and test conditions; heat resistance is separate. | 8–9PLA+ / Toughened PLA reference | Candidate | |
| PLA-CFPLA · FilamentMAT-008 | Room-temperature fixtures, rigid prototype brackets. | Abrasive; impact and layer bonding can fall. PLA heat limitations still matter. | 6–8PLA-CF reference | Blocked | |
| PLA-GF / HT-PLA-GFPLA · FilamentMAT-009 | Rigid fixtures, heat-treatment experiments. | HT-PLA-GF and ordinary PLA-GF are not interchangeable; annealing and grade data matter. | 9–10PLA reference | Blocked | |
| PLA-HSPLA · FilamentMAT-010 | High-throughput models and prototypes. | The suffix guarantees neither a universal speed nor better strength. | 9–10PLA reference | Candidate |
MAT-023 · PETG · Filament
Broad reference settings, not a preset for every grade. See the full parameter table and source notes.
Based on the capabilities set above and broad reference ranges. Clear checks do not confirm an exact grade or a finished part.
Filament process selected.
Your limit overlaps 220–270 °C; choose a grade whose profile stays within it.
Your limit overlaps 60–90 °C; choose a grade whose profile stays within it.
A heated chamber is not generally required for this reference.
No universal wear-resistant requirement assigned; check special fillers in the grade.
Pre-drying or dry feed needs a check; wet material can alter the result.
Family reference only. Scores use the PETG editorial group. A practical functional candidate; sustained load and creep still require testing. Independent variant scores and settings are not supplied.
Temperature reference: PETG. Upper temperatures belong to some formulations; not a routine setting for every PETG.
V06: provided video segment 06:31–07:54. Public video URL was not supplied.
MAT-023 · Material entry pending grade review · Scores are draft editorial intervals · Physical tests not performed
PETG reference · Family reference only. The arcs use the interval midpoint for drawing; values retain the supplied range.
24 supplied reference groups. Nozzle and bed values are °C.
Nozzle temperature, bed temperature, chamber conditions and drying serve different purposes. These are broad selection ranges and specific manufacturer examples; use the exact grade and printer profile. They are not finished-part heat ratings.
Scroll horizontally to see all table columns.
| Reference group | Nozzle | Bed | Chamber | Drying | Notes & sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLATEMP-001 | 190–235 | 40–60 | Usually no heated chamber | 45–50 °C · 6–12 hAs needed | Broad grade range. Small PLA parts may use an unheated bed; avoid heat buildup. Some small parts may use an unheated bed; verify grade, adhesion and geometry. |
| PLA+ / Toughened PLATEMP-002 | 200–235 | 45–60 | Usually no heated chamber | 45–50 °C · 6–12 hAs needed | eSUN example: 210–230 °C nozzle, 45–60 °C bed. Plus is not a standardized formula. |
| Wood PLATEMP-003 | 190–235 | 40–60 | Usually no heated chamber | 45–50 °C · about 6 hMoisture management | eSUN example uses 210–235 °C; decorative wood formulations differ. |
| PLA-CFTEMP-004 | 200–240 | 45–70 | Usually no heated chamber | PLA-base guidance · about 45–50 °CGrade-specific | A preliminary range; check the exact grade and wear-resistant hardware. |
| PETGTEMP-005 | 220–270 | 60–90 | Usually no heated chamber | 55–65 °C · 4–8 hPre-drying advised | Upper temperatures belong to some formulations; not a routine setting for every PETG. |
| PETTEMP-006 | 210–260 | 60–90 | Grade-specific | Example: 60 °C · 4–16 hPre-drying advised | Ultrafuse amorphous PET example: 210–230 °C nozzle, 60–80 °C bed. Do not transfer to every PET. |
| ABS / ABS+TEMP-007 | 230–270 | 90–110 | Enclosed, stable field advised | Check the exact gradeGrade-specific | No universal chamber temperature. An absent drying number does not establish that drying is unnecessary. |
| ASATEMP-008 | 240–275 | 90–110 | Enclosed, stable field advised | 70–80 °C · about 4–8 hGrade-specific | Prusament example: 80 °C for 4 h. Use a supported printer and manage emissions. |
| TPU 95ATEMP-009 | 210–245 | 25–75 | Usually no heated chamber | 50–60 °C · 4–8 hHigh priority | Polymaker example: 210–230 °C nozzle and 25–60 °C bed. Other hardnesses need their own settings. |
| TPE familyTEMP-010 | 210–260 | 25–85 | Elastomer-specific | Depends on the elastomerGrade-specific | Broad category only. TPU drying and extrusion settings do not cover every TPE. |
| PC / PC BlendTEMP-011 | 260–310 | 90–120 | Enclosure advised; heated chamber by grade | 80–90 °C · 4–8 hHigh priority | Low-temperature blends and pure PC differ. The broad 310 °C upper value requires grade verification. |
| PA6TEMP-012 | 250–290 | 70–115 | Enclosure usually advised | 70–90 °C · 4–12 hHigh priority | Modified wear-resistant PA6 is not pure PA6. Filled grades may need different drying temperatures. |
| PA66 / Pure nylon 66TEMP-013 | Not supplied | Not supplied | Grade-specific; enclosure advised | Filament requirement unresolvedHigh priority | Injection-molding raw-resin data does not establish FDM settings. Supplied 270–300 °C nozzle and 80–100 °C bed leads remain unverified. |
| PA6/66 copolymerTEMP-014 | 250–275 | 25–80 | Some grades do not require an enclosure | 80–90 °C · 4–10 hHigh priority | Not pure PA66. CoPA pages differ on drying and enclosure guidance; use the exact grade document. |
| POMTEMP-015 | 230–250 | 90–110 | CAPIFIL example: enclosed at about 50 °C | No universal requirement suppliedGrade-specific | A specific CAPIFIL process, not a universal POM profile. Narrow processing window; do not tune by uncontrolled overheating. |
| PEEKTEMP-016 | 370–420 | 120–160 | Specialist thermal process required | Example: 120 °C · 2–4 hHigh priority | Based on a 3D4Makers grade. Bed is 120 °C or higher; amorphous and crystalline routes differ. |
| Standard model resinTEMP-017 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Vat heating is resin- and machine-specific | Not filament dryingNot applicable | Grey Resin V5 example: post-cure at 60 °C for 15 min. This is not a universal cure or cleaning process. |
| PPTEMP-018 | 220–245 | 70–100 | Stable field for larger parts; grade-specific | Pure PP: low burden; filled example: 70 °C · 2–4 hGrade-specific | Use a compatible bed. Pure PP and PP-CF/GF do not share a universal process. |
| PA12TEMP-019 | 240–290 | 60–100 | Enclosure usually advised; geometry matters | Broad guide: 70–90 °C · 4–12 hHigh priority | Family example has 240–260 °C nozzle guidance; broader limits and drying need a grade check. |
| PETG-CF / PETG-GFTEMP-020 | 240–290 | 60–100 | Enclosure can improve consistency | One example: 65 °C · 3 hHigh priority | Filled-formulation selection range, not a transfer of all ordinary PETG settings. |
| PA-CF / PA-GFTEMP-021 | 250–300 | 25–110 | Enclosure often advised; heated chamber by grade | Examples: 100 °C · 10 h or 70–90 °CHigh priority | Identify PA6, PA12 or PA612 and filler level. Some Fiberon grades do not need active chamber heat. |
| PC-CFTEMP-022 | 270–310 | 90–120 | Enclosure advised; grade-specific | Prusament example: 90 °C · 4 hHigh priority | Broad nozzle range has not been checked across every grade; identify the PC base. |
| PEI 1010TEMP-023 | 410–430 | 150 | Active heated chamber; HT90 example: 90 °C | 150 °C · 6–8 hHigh priority | One general table uses 430 °C; a specific tutorial uses 410 °C. Follow the machine and grade process. |
| PEEK-CFTEMP-024 | 380–440 | 140–155 | Active chamber; HT90 process: at least 85 °C | 130 °C · at least 4 hHigh priority | Dedicated high-temperature process. Do not transfer these settings to unfilled PEEK. |
| Application | Initial candidates | Minimum validation |
|---|---|---|
| Learning & dimensional models | PLA Basic / Standard, PLA Lite / Economy | First-layer and dimensional samples |
| Models & decorative prints | PLA Matte, PLA Silk, PLA Wood, PLA Marble / Rock, PLA Translucent, PLA Chameleon, PLA UV Color Change, PLA Magic Duo, PLA Sparkle, PETG Translucent, PETG Transparent / Clear, PETG Silk, PETG Chameleon, Standard model resin | Surface and orientation samples |
| Everyday functional parts | PETG Standard / Basic, PLA+ / Plus, PLA Tough / Pro, PETG Matte | Layer direction, installation load and sustained-load tests |
| Repeated snap-fits | PLA Tough / Pro, PETG Standard / Basic, PA6, PA12 | Assembly cycles, fatigue and conditioned dimensions |
| Sun-exposed outdoor parts | ASA Standard, ASA-CF | UV exposure, thermal cycles and loaded samples |
| Planters & water exposure | PETG Standard / Basic, PETG Matte, ASA Standard | Leak, joint and sunlight-temperature tests |
| Warm environments | ABS Standard, ASA Standard, PC, PLA-HT / HT-PLA | Measure the actual hottest temperature and test sustained loaded exposure |
| Light diffusion & clear models | PETG Translucent, PETG Transparent / Clear, PLA Translucent, PET | Wall samples, clarity and light-source temperature |
| Pads & protective corners | TPU 95A, TPU 90A, TPU 85A | Compression, drop and recovery tests |
| Soft grips & compliant models | TPU 90A, TPU 85A, TPU 60A | Geometry, compression recovery and repeated loading |
| High-rebound prototypes | PEBA, TPU 95A | Rebound speed, permanent compression and fatigue |
| Gears & sliding parts | PA6, PA12, PA6/66 copolymer, POM / Acetal | Load, wear, lubrication, heat and dry/wet fit tests |
| Fitted technical prototypes | PA12, PETG-CF, PA-CF, PA-GF | X/Y/Z fit and conditioned thermal-cycle tests |
| Rigid positioning fixtures | PETG-CF, PETG-GF, ABS-CF, ABS-GF, PA-CF, PA-GF | Clamping load, positioning repeatability and thermal creep |
| Impact-oriented housings | PC, ABS+ / Pro, PETG Standard / Basic | Actual geometry, orientation and drop tests |
| Static-dissipative tooling | PETG-ESD, ABS-ESD, TPU-ESD | Printed resistance, grounding and humidity tests |
| Flame-retardant research | PETG-FR / Flame-retardant PETG, ABS-FR / Flame-retardant ABS | Current grade report, thickness, direction and final-part requirements |
| Living hinges | PP, PA6 | Repeated bend angle, cycles and crack inspection |
| Chemical-contact prototypes | PP, PA6, PETG Standard / Basic | Exact medium, concentration, temperature and immersion tests |
| Lightweight skins | PLA-LW / LW-PLA, PETG-LW, ASA Aero / Foaming ASA, Foaming TPU / Lightweight elastomer | Foaming calibration, part mass, assembly and strength tests |
| Specialist high-temperature research | PEI / ULTEM, PEEK, PEI 1010, PEEK-CF | Dedicated equipment, exact grade process and part validation |
Candidate mappings from the supplied notes are not validated parts. Drone skins, protective accessories and load-bearing flight structures need different evidence.
No. The supplied scores are relative editorial estimate intervals. The radar line uses the arithmetic midpoint only to draw the comparison; the interval envelope is not a statistical confidence band. Specific grades, colors, moisture, direction and geometry can change behavior.
Use it as reading context, not an independent result. The original 68 entries have no separate variant scores or parameters. A PLA-HT label does not automatically raise the heat score; CF, FR and ESD labels do not establish certified performance.
No. Nozzle, bed, chamber, drying and finished-part heat behavior are different quantities. Choose operating settings from the exact spool profile, then evaluate the part at its actual temperature and load.
Plus, Pro and Tough are product names, not standardized grades. A formula may improve impact or printing while changing stiffness, layer bonding or heat behavior. Compare grade data and print an application sample.
No. Short fibers may improve stiffness and dimensional stability while reducing impact or interlayer bonding. Nozzle abrasion is different from finished-part wear. Structural mass depends on the geometry needed for the intended load.
They use different Shore scales. Neither a numerical comparison nor the TPU 95A reference establishes the hardness, recovery or processing of another TPU grade. Geometry also changes how soft a printed part feels.
No. The printer must support that operating environment, including its electronics, extruder, bed and thermal process. A stable enclosure is different from an actively heated specialist chamber. Check machine support and printing-emission management.
No. Wide ranges combine different grade examples. Start from the exact material and printer profile within the supported continuous limits. A range overlap means a grade check, not permission to try the whole range.
The supplied screenshots do not establish grade-, geometry- and direction-matched shrinkage values. Print a dimensional sample and measure X/Y/Z, holes and external dimensions separately before applying compensation.
No. Follow the printer and grade preset. PLA often uses more cooling, with first-layer and strength exceptions. Some TPU profiles turn cooling off. Retraction depends on the feed system; turning it off does not guarantee less stringing.
No. Photopolymer resin uses its own handling, exposure, washing and curing process. Filament nozzle, heated-bed and spool-drying settings do not apply. Standard model resin scores do not represent engineering resin.
This guide contains material-selection notes, not verified supplier listings, stock or current prices. Compare the exact product, technical data sheet, batch consistency, reports and printer compatibility when evaluating a supplier.
The supplied seven-video knowledge base contains 68 original variants. Seven separately marked entries come from its temperature and rating notes. Original IDs and video timestamps are retained.
The 25 eight-axis rating groups are editorial drafts; physical tests were not performed. The 24 temperature groups include broad ranges, grade examples and unresolved cases. Equipment checks compare declared capabilities with those references and do not establish manufacturer approval.
All 200 score intervals, missing values and source associations are preserved in the downloadable data. This edition contains no verified live pricing or inventory.
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Primary reference cited in supplied notes · Representative guidance inspected 2026-10-11
Primary reference cited in supplied notes · Representative guidance inspected 2026-10-11
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Provided video transcript; public URL not supplied
Provided video transcript; public URL not supplied
Provided video transcript; public URL not supplied
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Provided video transcript; public URL not supplied